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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
31st March 2016
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
2.4 Foreign currency translation
(a) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured
using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the
“functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Hong Kong
dollars (“HK$” or “HKD”), which is the Company’s functional and the Group’s presentation
currency.
(b) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange
rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured.
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions
and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the consolidated income statement.
Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents
are presented in the consolidated income statement.
(c) Group companies
The results and financial position of all the group entities (none of which has the currency of
a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation
currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
(i) assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate
at the date of that balance sheet;
(ii) income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange
rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of
the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are
translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions); and
(iii) all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.
38 ALCO HOLDINGS LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2016
